Thatcher not only publicly supported Pinochet, writing letters to the editor and issuing public statements; she even went to visit him after he was served with a warrant from Spain. Some of his legacies are well known, but others are not. Despite her assertion that “The United States and Britain have together been the greatest alliance in defence of liberty and justice,” Thatcher refused to back down in her support of a man who overthrew a democratically elected government. The appearance of GDP growth in the South American country created the mythology of the Chilean miracle, ‘thanks’ to the Chicago Boys, the group of young Chilean economists who studied at the University of Chicago under the adviser to U.S. President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, professor Milton Friedman. (A notable partial exception to this rule was the Washington Post editorial of December 12 that bore the headline “A dictator’s double standard: Augusto Pinochet tortured and murdered. But Castro trained thousands of guerrillas from countries all over the world and sent hundreds of thousands of Cuban troops to many countries on at least three continents to launch and wage wars that brought untold death and destruction. 14th January 1982: British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, with husband Denis (1915 - 2003) and children Mark and Carol. Chile’s former president, General Augusto Pinochet, died in December. Margaret Thatcher celebrates on election night in 1987. The coup was supported by Allende’s presidential predecessor, Eduardo Frei Montalva; by Patricio Aylwin, the first democratically elected president after democracy was restored in 1990; and by an overwhelming majority of the Chilean people. Pinochet’s government has been justly condemned for engaging in some terrorist activities abroad, from Argentina to the United States. It is often said and widely believed that Pinochet’s economic reforms eliminated any significant role of the state in the economy. The historian James Whelan caught its tragic essence when he wrote that Chile’s was a “cannibalistic democracy, consuming itself.” Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chile’s president from 1964 to 1970, who helped to bring in Salvador Allende as his successor, later called the latter’s presidency “this carnival of madness.” Freedoms increasingly overwhelmed responsibilities. However, dictators of the right such as Augusto Pinochet … Baroness Thatcher, who served Pinochet tea at her London home two weeks ago, wrote to the Times newspaper that he "did so much to save British lives" … community of supporters in Born in 1925 in Grantham, England, her memories of wartime bombing left her with a lifelong mistrust of German power that would re … Totalitarian regimes legitimize and practice very high degrees of penetration into all aspects of the economy, society, religion, culture, and family, whereas authoritarian regimes do not. As the then finance minister, Alejandro Foxley, said in a 1991 interview: “We may not like the government that came before us. Major state expenditures for direct action social programs targeted to the poorest of the poor were initiated in the middle 1980s, not after 1990. But Lady Thatcher also has a more personal reason to remember Pinochet fondly – the fact that he provided stalwart support for Britain in the Falklands conflict of 1982. As long as we use “terrorist” as a political football, we're missing the point. Thatcher was a steadfast defender of Augusto Pinochet, ... alongside Ronald Reagan, to back sanctions against the Apartheid regime in … Cuba and the United States were actively involved on opposite sides, but the main players were always Chilean. Thatcher and Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. Totalitarian systems—once in place and short of external military conquest and occupation—are much harder to change than authoritarian ones. ", Read our full mailing list consent terms here. In the process Allende, his supporters, and extremists they could not control virtually destroyed the economy, fractured the society, politicized the military and the educational systems, and rode roughshod over Chilean constitutional, legal, political, and cultural traditions. Her position had to do with several strong convictions: 1. Robin Harris, a former member of Thatcher's Policy Unit, claimed in 2006 that she had nothing to be ashamed of. It was liberty's fortune that, in Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, the world found leaders who shared a vital faith in freedom. Available from the Hoover Press is Law and Economics in Developing Countries, by Edgardo Buscaglia and William Ratliff. The Concertación, the alliance of political parties of the center and left that has won the past four presidential elections, deserves some credit for the post-1990 years, but so does the Pinochet government. Thatcher was a strong supporter of the brutal dictator right up until his death while on house arrest in Britain awaiting trial. Become engaged in a community that shares an interest in the mission of the Hoover Institution to advance policy ideas that promote economic opportunity and prosperity, while securing and safeguarding peace for America and all mankind. Uncontrolled leftist violence had also been escalating during the government of Christian Democrat Frei Montalva, before Allende became president and long before Pinochet played any role whatsoever in Chilean politics. High-quality Pinochet men's t-shirts designed and sold by independent artists around the world. Have commentators described and evaluated them with equal accuracy and fairness over the decades? Ayaan Hirsi Ali presents startling statistics, criminal cases and personal testimony. Cuba is a dismal, impoverished, dynastic totalitarian anachronism. As reported by Hector Schamis in the Journal of Democracy (October 2006), Chile’s current foreign minister, Alejandro Foxley, recognized early in the first post-Pinochet democratic government that “the constitutional rules left by Pinochet had ‘somewhat ironically fostered a more democratic system,’ for they forced major actors into compromise rather than confrontation and, by ‘avoiding populism,’ increased ‘economic governability.’”. To order, call 800.935.2882 or visit www.hooverpress.org. Pinochet's rule was inhumane and brutal, but was it terrorism? Margaret Thatcher waves to the press at her home, after leaving Cromwell Hospital on November 1, 2010, {{#verifyErrors}} {{message}} {{/verifyErrors}} {{^verifyErrors}} {{message}} {{/verifyErrors}}, Thatcher wasn't just a terrorist sympathiser, but a friend with one, viewed Nelson Mandela's ANC as a terrorist organisation, protesting in the streets over South African apartheid. The opinions expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Hoover Institution or Stanford University. Survivor of Pinochet explains why she celebrates death of Thatcher (Reagan, Obama) User Name: Remember Me: Password : Please register to participate in our discussions with 2 million other members - it's free and quick! “Sometimes democracy must be bathed in blood.” – Augusto Pinochet “Not a leaf moves in this country if I'm not moving it.” - Pinochet, October 1981 Remember September 11th, 1973 During the height of the Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States stepped up their efforts in assuring Western hegemony in… We have inherited an economy that is an asset.” All four civilian governments since 1990 have maintained the new, more market-oriented economic and social models inherited from the military regime. It's not surprising to see the right-wing Government and press try to assassinate Jeremy Corbyn's character. Many on the left had long believed that capitalism and democracy were incompatible. Totalitarian regimes have dominant single parties; coherent, highly articulated, widely disseminated ideologies; very high levels of mass mobilization and participation directed and manipulated by the regime; and a strict control over candidates, when there are any, and policies. The Concertación, the alliance of political parties of the center and left that has won the past four presidential elections, deserves some credit for the post-1990 years, but so does the Pinochet government. Margaret Thatcher, accompanied by her husband Denis (1915 - 2003) and children Carol and Mark, on election night when she led the Conservative Party to victory in the British General Election. Less than three weeks later, the military, led by newly appointed army commander in chief Pinochet, overthrew the government. ... Salvador Allende in Chile, whose rise provoked Pinochet’s coup, was a case in point. ONLINE ONLY: Thatcher, Reagan and the Dictators. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. Range of styles in up to 16 colors. But without any doubt, it was also intended to instill fear and terror among the commanders. The most concerning thing Thatcher and Reagan did related to de-regulation in the financial services sector. Thatcher's support for Chile's former torturer-in-chief General Pinochet is no secret; it was something she was proud of. A much more positive case can be made for major parts of Pinochet’s legacy. All four civilian governments since 1990 have maintained the new, more market-oriented economic and social models inherited from the military regime. Thatcher and Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. Poverty levels, as high as 50 percent in 1984, were reduced to 34 percent by 1989. reported the results of the March 1973 legislative elections with this headline: “The People, 43%. advancing ideas defining a free But the problem with attacking Corbyn, Thatcher or anyone else along these lines is that we lose any real context for their actions. Margaret Thatcher funeral: At Parliament Square, so often a scene of protest, the only sound to be heard is clicking cameras Jerome Taylor Wednesday 17 April 2013 16:45 Poverty had increased enormously during and in the wake of the UP’s disastrous economic policies, and it decreased only as a result of the state-led stabilization policies, structural reforms, and targeted social programs of the Pinochet period. Thatcherism is a form of British conservative ideology named after Conservative Party leader Margaret Thatcher.The term has been used to describe the principles of the British government under Thatcher from the 1979 general election to her resignation in 1990, and continuing into the Conservative governments under John Major and David Cameron. Your gift helps advance ideas that promote a free society. Castro killed at least as many Cubans as Pinochet did Chileans. It chose Allende only after he pledged explicitly to abide by the constitution. society. Join the Hoover Institution’s Although they never met in power, Thatcher was impressed by the success of Chile’s neoliberal economic program and Pinochet’s bloody stance against communism in Latin America. The most concerning thing Thatcher and Reagan did related to de-regulation in the financial services sector. So far they've linked him with the IRA, Hamas and Hezbollah. Margaret Thatcher, who played Jane to Ronald Reagan’s Tarzan in that epic of the 1980s, The King and Queen of Jungle Capitalism, (whose author was more Milton Friedman than Edgar Rice Burroughs,) died last week in 2013. During her time in office, Thatcher also viewed Nelson Mandela's ANC as a terrorist organisation, but not the state that was engaging in a brutal system of institutional terrorism. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/638756/margaret-thatcher-facts The shameful whitewashing of the regime by Thatcher's government only increased when Pinochet was arrested on war crimes charges in London in 1998. His legacy is Latin America’s most successful country.”) We will focus on the generally neglected, discounted, distorted, and sometimes falsely denied or suppressed aspects of the Pinochet legacy that have truly made Chile, despite its continuing challenges, “Latin America’s most successful country.”. It created the underlying economic policies and structures in the 1970s and 1980s that the Concertación maintained and that produced jobs for the poor and an economic surplus to enable targeted state antipoverty programs. In a comment piece for The Telegraph, he wrote that “the legal case against him was weak and the motivation of those involved suspect” and “the loss of life, most of which occurred in the first months when a civil war raged, was less than in other similar situations”. They continued to fall after 1990 to 15 percent in 2005. Violence escalated rapidly, with the extreme left, including many members of the president’s own party, seizing properties and setting up independent zones in cities and the countryside, often contrary to what Allende and the Communists thought prudent. Domestic banks were deregulated in the late 1970s but reregulated with vigor in the early 1980s. The Chilean military regime from 1973 to 1990 was authoritarian, certainly, but not totalitarian. A number of other important truths about the Pinochet period and its legacy are equally well documented but less well known. "Wars begin when aggressive powers believe that their targets are weaker, or give the false impression that they ar…, editorial of December 12 that bore the headline “A dictator’s double standard: Augusto Pinochet tortured and murdered. Thatcher death cake Her legacy has a rhetorical aspect as well, one other reason I hesitate to commute the vitriol. The late Margaret Thatcher played a major role in global affairs, including in one of the defining events of modern international law. Pinochet underling Guillermo Garin yesterday, adding: ... Mikhail Gorbachev or Reagan and Thatcher. The first 6 years of my political life was devoted to opposing nearly everything Thatcher did (including the Falklands War, about which I have changed my mind; the exception: sale of council houses), and that only ended because I moved somewhere that I could oppose what Reagan was doing instead. She feared that supranational institutions were threatening British sovereignty… While Thatcher approved of some of Tony Blair’s economic policies, his Europhilia bothered her. Thatcher was a close ally of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile and other infamous fascist dictators. This new model, which we call social capitalism, was adjusted, revised, and supplemented during the Pinochet years, most importantly in response to an economic crisis in the early 1980s and also in the post-1990 civilian years. Together with Ronald Reagan, she can be credited with a hand in the fall of the Soviet Union. Reagan, Thatcher and the end of the Cold War The End of the Cold War 1985-1989: final phase of Cold War Mikhail Gorbachev became new leader in 1985 - glasnost and perestroika - ideological conflict was toned down The end of the Cold War began in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin The word “terrorist” blinds us to anything meaningful conclusions, and suffocates any rational debate. It created the underlying economic policies and structures in the 1970s and 1980s that the Concertación maintained and that produced jobs for the poor and an economic surplus to enable targeted state antipoverty programs. Allende’s closest UP allies were the Communists, the right wing of the UP, but both were pressed to move faster than they wanted by the left wing of the UP, mainly members of Allende’s Socialist Party, and by ultraleftists (the term used by the Communists) to the left of the UP. The initiative is in partnership with Brazil’s foreign office, which has swung to the right under Bolsonaro, forming close ties with conservative leaders such Donald Trump and Victor Orbán. Chile’s democracy after 1990 has been vigorous and stable. Extended sizes from XS-5XL. It was Pinochet’s Chile in 1975. At that time the Chilean economic model was considered anathema almost everywhere—partly because of its association with Chile’s military regime but also because it was viewed (wrongly, as it turned out) as an unthinkable, reactionary model per se, especially for developing countries. The facts are otherwise. According to the constitution, the legislature could have given the presidency to either of the top two candidates. In 1998, Baltasar Garzón, a Spanish judge, demanded the extradition of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet from the United Kingdom, where he had traveled to receive medical treatment. He also pointed out that “other statistics of Pinochet's record are worth mentioning. John B. Taylor is the George P. Shultz Senior Fellow in Economics at the Hoover Institution and the Mary and Robert Raymond Professor of Economics at Stanford University. Indeed, they are often not acknowledged at all. The charges against Corbyn, regardless of their merit, cannot exist in a political vacuum of good versus evil though. Cuba and the United States were actively involved on opposite sides, but the main players were always Chilean. Consider also the two types of regimes’ different propensities to enable a transition to democracy. Or 1813? Through astute analysis of a massive quantity of declassified US documents, Reagan and Pinochet has filled a major historical void. - President Ronald Reagan greets Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Bonn, Germany 1985. Today almost the entire globe relies on the state less and on markets more than in 1973. That created a greater potential for boom and bust - the 2007 financial crash was an indication of what light touch regulation can lead to. Domestic banks were deregulated in the late 1970s but reregulated with vigor in the early 1980s. We can’t recall human rights organizations agitating for his extradition, or for his being brought to justice even posthumously in Cuba. Chile’s former president, General Augusto Pinochet, died in December. He brought the country to the verge of chaos on the basis of a slim democratic mandate, and as we now know had links to the Cubans. The Mummies, 55%.” This attitude and the actions that followed from it galvanized the center-left and right, whose candidates had received almost two-thirds of the votes in the 1970 election, against Allende. The Mummies, 55%.” This attitude and the actions that followed from it galvanized the center-left and right, whose candidates had received almost two-thirds of the votes in the 1970 election, against Allende. Chile’s largest industry and biggest foreign-exchange earner by far is copper, which was nationalized in the late 1960s and early 1970s and has remained so ever since. Jeremy Corbyn on the other hand has never wielded the levers of power in government, and has never done more than put forward ideas, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. But global perceptions of the Chilean economic model changed, slowly at first, more rapidly and massively after the mid-1980s. Although there were changes at the margins after 1990, the point of sharpest and deepest positive change was unquestionably 1973 and immediately thereafter, not 1970 or 1990. Or was it 1913? Whatever his views, Corbyn has never wielded the levers of power in government, and has never done more than put forward ideas. In 1970, Allende won 36.2 percent of the popular vote, less than the 38.6 percent he had taken in 1964 and only 1.3 percent more than the runner-up. The innovations in economic and social policy of the Pinochet government had significant influences on, and implications for, not only subsequent governments in Chile but also the rest of Latin America and the wider world. Thatcher was coyer about backing Iraq’s dictator Saddam Hussein. Some forums can only be seen by registered members. Pinochet’s authoritarianism in Chile ended after 16 years in a peaceful and constitutional transfer of power, permitted by a constitution passed in 1980; Castro’s totalitarian regime in Cuba has lasted 48 years so far. Pinochet’s 1973 coup was supported by Allende’s presidential predecessor and by an overwhelming majority of the Chilean people. Margaret Thatcher with Chilean dictator, General Augusto Pinochet. The first country in the world to make that momentous break with the past—away from socialism and extreme state capitalism toward more market-oriented structures and policies—was not Deng Xiaoping’s China or Margaret Thatcher’s Britain in the late 1970s, Ronald Reagan’s United States in 1981, or any other country in Latin America or elsewhere. Thatcher had the economics part of the equation worked out; it’s too bad she had an immense Warboner, sang the praises of dictators like Pinochet, called Nelson Mandela a … The new UK/USA 'Special Relationship' was founded on the rapport between the two leaders. It’s time to acknowledge that the legacies of the Pinochet years are a much better mix than they are usually said to be. Her position had to do with several strong convictions: 1. They continued to fall after 1990 to 15 percent in 2005. He brought the country to the verge of chaos on the basis of a slim democratic mandate, and as we now know had links to the Cubans. Pinochet, by contrast, had friends in high places. That created a greater potential for boom and bust - the 2007 financial crash was an indication of what light touch regulation can lead to. Margaret Hilda Thatcher (née Roberts), Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925. died April 8, 2013), was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, and the first woman to hold the position. So if Corbyn really is a “terrorist sympathiser” then he's not alone. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has said former Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet will get nothing more than a "show trial" if extradited to Spain. But they did many things right. “Thatcher and Reagan are idols of many Brazilians and current politicians,” she said. In the words of a soldier in Chile's Talca Regiment at the time of the abuses: "It seems to me that one of the reasons for the [Caravan of Death] mission was to set a drastic precedent in order to terrorise the presumed willingness of the Chilean people to fight back. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher flanked by her husband Denis, addresses the press, 28 November 1990 for the last time in front of 10 Downing Street in London prior to hand her resignation as prime minister to Queen Elizabeth II. His legacy is Latin America’s most successful country.”) We will focus on the generally neglected, discounted, distorted, and sometimes falsely denied or suppressed aspects of the Pinochet legacy that have truly made Chile, despite its continuing challenges, “Latin America’s most successful country.”. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Chile’s democracy was already well on the road to self-destruction. The case could also be made by those in the UK affected by Thatcher's Pinochet-tested economic dictates who choose not to mourn. ... state capitalism toward more market-oriented structures and policies—was not Deng Xiaoping’s China or Margaret Thatcher’s Britain in the late 1970s, Ronald Reagan’s United States in 1981, or any other country in Latin America or elsewhere. In their eyes, the Labour leader is a terrorist sympathiser. Proponents of Thatcherism … Thatcher openly called for his release. (Of the many military regimes in Latin America in the sixties, seventies, and eighties, the only one to break with state capitalism was Chile’s.) Reagan, for one, recognized the importance of Margaret Thatcher's presence as British prime minister, but would caution any discussion partner that Pope John Paul played an equally important role. 3rd June 1975: British conservative politician, Margaret Thatcher, with William Whitelaw and Peter Kirk, at a referendum conference on Europe. It also matters because the 48 hours after a powerful public figure dies is when the halo becomes permanently affixed to their head. ... Salvador Allende in Chile, whose rise provoked Pinochet’s coup, was a case in point. Pinochet’s death occurred just as Fidel Castro was lying gravely ill in Cuba. Still Allende tried to “transition” (his term) Chile into a Marxist-Leninist economic, social, and political system. Thatcher and Ronald Reagan worked hand in hand to carry out a neoliberal agenda and quell liberation movements worldwide. Very little has been said about Thatcher's dealings with General Pinochet, apartheid South Africa, the Khmer Rouge, the House of Saud and Saddam … What Kind of Democracy Did the Coup Displace? She allowed the U.S. Air Force to bomb Libya from airbases in England. But Reagan, Thatcher, Delors and their many admirers amongst Clintonian, "New Labour" and EU Social-Democrat decision makers in Brussels sought to dismantle the generous state subsidies for social infrastructure and public transportation across the United States, Britain and the European Union". Legacies are well known assassinate Jeremy Corbyn 's character Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with Chilean Augusto... 6 per cent [... ] living standards more than in 1973 bookmark your favourite articles and stories Read... More market-oriented economic and social models inherited from the Hoover press is law and economics in Developing Countries, contrast... Liberation movements worldwide from 600 per cent to 6 per cent [ ]. Valuable study. presidency to either of the defining events of modern international.... With Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, died in December 43 % Fidel Castro was lying gravely ill in cuba who. 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