The subsequent history of the dukedom and its subordinate principalities was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. 1896]. Houghton Library: creatorOf In 1440 divided Grubenhagen with his brother Albert. When Charles' brother William VIII arrived in Brunswick on 10 September, he was received joyfully by the people. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license. Brunswick is a small, landlocked country in the North Germany region. Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick and Luneburg with her children George and Sophia Dorothea. Brunswick belongs almost entirely to the basin of the river Weser, into which the Oker, the Aller and the Leine, having their sources in the Harz, discharge their waters. Called. While a total of about a dozen subdivisions that existed, some were only dynastic and not recognised as states of the Empire, which at one time had over 1500 such legally recognized entities. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born on April 25 1625, in Herzberg Am Harz, to George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt. His son Christian Louis and his brothers inherited Celle in 1648 and thereafter shared it and Calenberg between themselves; a closely related branch of the family ruled separately in Wolfenbüttel. In 1269 the Principality of Brunswick was formed following the first division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She was married to Georg Ludwig of Hanover on November 18, 1682. In 1918, with the abolition of the monarchy, all nobles titles were equally abolished. The Principality of Lüneburg emerged alongside the Principality of Brunswick in 1269 when the inheritance of the Duchy was divided. Left no descendants. Bavaria and Saxony. Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick, German Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, (born Oct. 9, 1735, Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony [Germany]—died Nov. 10, 1806, Ottensen, near Hamburg), duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, Prussian field marshal, and an enlightened ruler. A work from the collections of the de Young and Legion of … At that point, the crown of Hanover went to William's younger brother, Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale under the Salic laws requiring the next male heir to inherit, whereas the British throne was inherited by an elder brother's only daughter, Queen Victoria. They were made Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. [8], In 1905, 450,760 people or 92.5% of the population adhered to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick. With sole rights to the duchy Brunswick-Lüneburg, he provided a conditional sub-lease of the principality of Lüneburg to the princes of Calenburg with the conditions of payment to the Wolfenbüttel heirs (Chief of the House), together with the guarantee that only his descendants would inherit this senior principality of Wolfenbüttel. to Augustus, son of Henry of Dannenberg. All held the title Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.George died in 1641 and was succeeded by: Christian Louis, 1st son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1641–1648) and Prince of Lüneburg (1648–1665).He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg. [22], Coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick before 1834, Lesser coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick, Saxon steed on an 1860s stamp of Brunswick, Coat of arms of Brunswick on an 1866 Vereinsthaler, Coat of arms of the Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Main parts and exclaves of Brunswick by size, Evangelical Lutheran State Church in Brunswick, Ernest Augustus, the deposed duke of Brunswick, Prince Ernst August of Hanover (1914–1987), Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954), Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900 - Herzogtum Braunschweig, "Die Wiege des Fußballs stand in Braunschweig", "Der Mann, der die "englische Krankheit" einschleppte", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Brunswick&oldid=995046451, States and territories disestablished in 1918, States and territories established in 1815, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from December 2015, Lower Saxony articles missing geocoordinate data, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Main part with Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel, Helmstedt, Western part with Holzminden, Seesen, Gandersheim, Province of Hanover, Province of Westphalia, Waldeck, Province of Hanover, Province of Saxony, Anhalt. John had 4 siblings: Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg , Ernest Augustus Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg , George William Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Christian Louis Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Their rule was marked by major building work to Celle Castle and also by numerous reforms which improved the legal situation of farmers vis-a-vis their local lords. ***If you chose Registered mail then I accept full responsibility if the item is lost in the mail. "Le Duc de Brunswick: Sa vie et ses moeurs. Robinson's Note: In 1269 the house of Brunswick-Lüneburg divided into the branches of Lüneburg and Brunswick (later Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, the later Duchy of Brunswick). Accordingly, he was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf, but each ruler was styled "Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" in addition to his own particular title. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his father. The title "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg" (German: Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg) was held, from 1235 on, by various members of the Welf family who ruled several small territories in northwest Germany.These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a state, being neither compact nor indivisible. Proofread by Angela Rubenstein, February 1997. The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain, was the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and was finally made an official and recognized prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1708. If Ernest Augustus–who had been created the Duke of Cumberland in the British peerage–were unable to succeed, the council would also be empowered to appoint a regent. Like most of his predecessors, he had financial problems, so he was often forced to sell or pledge major parts of his possession and he had to demand high taxes. Nicknamed "The Black Duke", he was a military officer who led the Black Brunswickers against Napoleonic domination in Germany. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. The lesser coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick showed a crowned shield with the white horse on a red background. In 1700 and 1701, when the English Parliament had addressed the question of an orderly succession, with a particular religious bias toward a Protestant ruler, from the childless ruling Queen Anne (House of Stuart), it passed the provisions of the Act of Settlement 1701 to Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James I. Sophia predeceased Queen Anne by a few weeks, but her son and heir, George I, succeeded as King of Great Britain when Anne, his second cousin, died in August 1714. Phone: 202-955-0200. The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death. In the east it ran through Göttingen along the River Leine via Northeim to Einbeck. Henry retained Wolfenbüttel and Eric retained Calenberg. The county was formed in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County.It was named for the colonial port of Brunswick Town (now in ruins) which was itself named for Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg; at the time held by the British kings of the House of Hanover.. Law and government Edit. The biggest and most populous of those was the area surrounding the cities of Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel and Helmstedt as well as the Elm, which extended from the river Aller in the north to the Harz mountains in the south. In 1569 Henry founded the duchy of. In 1866 Prussia annexed the territories and refused to recognize the Kingdom of Hanover or any of those new titles. At his death without male descendants, the land passed to his son-in-law, the, Sons of Augustus II, ruled jointly from 1685 to 1702. The territory assigned to the Electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya. In 1432 founded the Principality of Calenberg, a split-off from Lüneburg, and left the remaining Wolfenbüttel to his brother Henry IV. Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Calenberg. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. After the latter's death William took his lands. In 1705 reunited his father-in-law's princedom of Lüneburg to the Electorate. Younger son of Henry X. 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